How does a purchase delay my FIRE date?
When you spend money instead of investing it, you reduce your current savings. That means compound growth starts from a lower base, so it takes longer to reach your FIRE number. The delay is the difference in time-to-FIRE with and without the purchase removed from your savings.
Why is the future value so much higher than the purchase price?
Compound growth is exponential. A $1,000 purchase 20 years before your FIRE date at 7% annual returns becomes roughly $3,870. The longer your time horizon, the more dramatic the compounding effect.
What return rate should I use?
The S&P 500 has historically returned around 7% annually after inflation. For a conservative estimate use 5–6%; for an optimistic estimate use 8–10%. The default 7% is a widely used real-return assumption for long-term index investing.
Does this mean I should never buy anything?
No. The calculator shows the opportunity cost, not a verdict. Some purchases improve your quality of life, productivity, or income enough to more than offset the delay. The goal is to be aware of the tradeoff, not to avoid all spending.